The Black Death Ravaged Europe And Its Inhabitants

From 1347 to about 1352, the Black Death ravaged Europe and its inhabitants. While this devastating plague caused an exorbitant loss of life and a great deal of emotional suffering, it did lead to some major social changes in Europe that changed the course of history. The Black Death transformed the consciousness of the surviving populous of medieval Europe in a way no other event that has occurred before or since could. This transformed psyche created the catalyst that expedited the transformation of the feudal system, which in turn gave birth to and ushered in the Renaissance, fueled the religious discontent against the Catholic Church, and provided the foundation for the Protestant Reformation. The Black Death was a pandemic of demographic proportions that occurred in Europe during the fourteenth century. The plague appeared to have had its origin in the Gobi Desert of Asia when Asian black rats, carrying plague infested fleas, got aboard a merchant ship and arrived in Italy in 13 47 (Whipps). Italian merchants from Caffa, on the Black Sea, arrived at Messina, Sicily. Most of the crew was dead, but they carried with them the virulent disease (Ross). Rats, carrying infected fleas, are believed to have come from the ships and spread the disease. The Plague reached England by the summer of 1348 somewhere between late June and early August. The disease reached London on November 1st â€Å". . . and up to 30,000 of the city’s population of 70,000 inhabitants succumbed† (Ross).Show MoreRelatedThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1386 Words   |  6 Pagesof history since the biblical eras and has had an undeniable effect on the development of contemporary civilization Gowen, B.S. (1907). The cause of the plague is not known. However, there is religious reference of God punishing sinners causing death and destruction using this deadly disease. Throughout the years, there has been a question to be answered by historians and medical professionals. This q uestion is: if the destructive attributes of the disease was an act of God to punish sinners orRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death Black Death, epidemic of plague which ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century. Various forms of plague were known in the civilized world since ancient times. Greek and Roman historians described outbreaks of an epidemic disease which were sudden and deadly: at Constantinople in the 6th century AD, for example, as much as half the population may have been killed. The outbreakRead MoreSocial and Economic Effects of the Plague on Medieval Islam Societies1237 Words   |  5 Pagesas the Black Death, was a fatal disease that ravaged Asia and Europe during the mid-14th century. Although the destruction the Plague brought upon Europe in terms of deaths was enormous, the Islamic world arguably suffered more due to the fact that plague epidemics continually returned to the Islamic world up until the 19th century. The recurrence of the disease caused Muslim populations to never recover from the losses suffered and a resulting demographic shift that arguably helped Europe to surpassRead MoreEssay on This Is the End of the World: the Black Death by Barbara Tuchman1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"This is the End of the World: The Black Death.† by Barbara Tuchman History reveals the mid-14th century as a very unfortunate time for Europe. It was during this period when the continent became afflicted by a terrible plague. The source of the pathogen is known today as bubonic but was colloquially known as â€Å"The Black Death† to Europeans of the day. The plague caused a tremendous number of deaths and was a catalyst of change, severely impacting Europe’s cultural, political and religious institutionsRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1562 Words   |  7 Pageswas close to120 million inhabitants. By 1393, their population dropped to around 62 million. Before long, the disease causing this drop in populace migrated into Europe. A diseased person would get a high fever, cold sweats, experience weakness, have migraines, and buboes (swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes) would appear. Without warning, buboes would spread to every lymph node in the body and blood would start to puddle under the skin. The skin then turned black and died. In its finalRead More Jane Addams and Hull House Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesJane Addams and Hull House   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Born in Cederville, Illinois, on September 6, 1860, Jane Addams founded the world famous social settlement of Hull House. From Hull House, where she lived and worked from it’s start in 1889 to her death in 1935, Jane Addams built her reputation as the country’s most prominent women through her writings, settlement work and international efforts for world peace. In 1931, she became the first women to win the Nobel Peace Prize.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Addams, whose father was anRead MoreThe Old Nursery Rhyme, Ring Around The Rosie3205 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The old nursery rhyme â€Å"Ring around the Rosie† comes with many explanations relating to the Black Death and its course throughout Europe and Asia. Why is it that this old nursery rhyme, said to have been circulating since the last major epidemic of the Plague in 1665, is still being sung by countless amounts of people each day? This nursery rhyme and its continuation to appear in our childhoods and daily lives shows exactly how much the plague impacted today’s society socially, economicallyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific3853 Words   |  16 PagesCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific 23 October 2013 at 18:10 The Japanese pursuit for an empire in South East Asia helped changed the balance of world power away from Europe, by taking their most lucrative colonies. Soon after the Japanese defeat in World War II, most of the colonies won their independence from their European masters. This essay will be arguing that despite the vast geographical distance and cultural, racial differences, as well as theRead MoreEssay Colonization Across the Globe5171 Words   |  21 Pagesconstructed for the shallow waters of the surrounding rivers and lake, bombarded the city. Every day the white soldiers launched fresh assaults on the city defences, whose supplies of food and fresh water had been cut. Famine, dysentery, and smallpox ravaged the Aztec defenders. On 13 August 1521, after a desperate siege of three months, the new Aztec emperor was captured and Tenochtitlan fell. According to Spanish accounts, when they finally entered the city, more than 40,000 decomposed bodies -Read MoreManifest Destiny and Race4652 Words   |  19 Pagesperception became a concept that had its roots in 16th and 17th Century England. It involved their ancestry to the peoples of England prior to the Norman Conquest of 1066, and further back to the Nordic and Germanic peoples of ancient, continental Europe. It didn’t start here; their Caucasian ancestry was believed to have traveled west through the centuries from Asia and the Caucasus, following the sun and a divine destiny that brought them through the cold northern European forests to England, and

Probation, Substance Abuse Treatment, And Boot Camp

Restoration is, â€Å"Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender’s criminal act† (Clear, Reisig, Petrosino, and Cole, (2015) according to three University Professors. When someone commits a crime, the community gets a sense of lost trust that they once had with the community because that crime occurred on the police’s watch. Different sanctions can provide ways for the offenders to repair the harm that they have committed. The community plays a huge part into the restoration process of criminals. They emphasize to the offender what is acceptable behavior, offers the offender to perform the reparative tasks, and provides the help needed for the offender to live a normal life back in the community. For much of correctional history, the criminal justice community has relied heavily upon different programs that are designed to serve as alternatives to incarceration. The three sanctions that will be discussed in this paper are probation, substance abuse treatment, and boot camp. I will also give my opinion about which form of restoration I believe is most effective out of the three that were discussed. One of the most popular forms of restoration is probation. Probation is, â€Å"An agency that supervises the community adjustment of people who are convicted of crimes but are not sentenced to confinement in prison or jail† (Clear, et al. (2015). What makes probation most desirable by offenders is that they are not confined to live insideShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile System And Juvenile Corrections System1740 Words   |  7 Pageswill be discussed to gain a better understanding of juvenile probation. Probation and Intensive Probation In the US, there is an epidemic problem with troubled youth in our nation. In fact, juvenile cases almost 58% are often given probation, therefore, probation is the norm and often deemed as the basis for monitoring those youth in the system. Since most of them are students still in school, they are often visited by their probation officer in the school setting to monitor not only their rehabilitationRead MoreAlternative Juvenile Placements : Alternative Programs For Youth917 Words   |  4 PagesIntensive Supervision Program (CISP) was created in 1990 by Allegheny County Juvenile Court as a need to provide more supervision than what probation offered. This program is for males between the ages of 11-21. Youth involved in this program may need additional supervision from probation or less supervision when transitioning from a residential treatment facility. There are five locations in the Pittsburgh area servicing youth from Garfield, the Hill, Homewood, McKeesport, Northside a nd WilkinsburgRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1053 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile repeat offenders receive little to no punishment for the crimes that they commit. The disposition that juvenile repeat offenders receive in some states at the highest are community service, detention centers, or probation. What makes a juvenile crime is status offenses. A juvenile status offense consist of crimes that would not under law be considered as crimes by an adult but crimes by juvenile youths. Status offenses consist of truancy, running away, violating curfew, underage possessionRead MoreDefinitions Of Probation And Probation Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesClassifications of Probation According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at year end of 2012, more than 4.7 million adults were under some form of community probation in the United States (Bonczar and Maruschak, bjs.gov). With so many adults on probation, one could only ask how they all are supervised. With the criminal justice system already bursting at the seams with offenders, its main objective is to keep offenders out of this already exhausted system. Probation, also called intermediateRead MoreAlternatives to Incarceration Essay1984 Words   |  8 Pages In 1996, Anderson and Dyson published a study to investigate boot camp success and offender risk assessment for CRIPP (Court Regimented Intensive Probation Program) participants. This study was conducted on 1225 male boot camp graduates. Logistic regression was used to determine which participants were more likely to reoffend after boot camp. Independent variables were recoded for the logistical regression model analysis used in this study. Th e effect of a prior felony conviction increasesRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Correctional System Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment and The Search for Alternatives†, Cayley (1998) understood that prisons do not stop crime even though that is exactly what they were originally designed for. He wrote about prisons changing from punishing, hopeless places to restorative, treatment facilities. Cayley (1998) said an alternative peacemaking justice system provides an opportunity for all parties to have a voice in the restorative part of criminal offenses. For some, primarily non-violent offenders, restorative justice allows theRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 Pagesjuvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the U nited States. â€Å"For more than a century, the predominant strategy for treatment and punishments of serious and sometimes not-so-serious juveniles offenders in the US has been placement into large juvenile corrections institutions† (Mendel,Read MoreEssay on Boot Camp1400 Words   |  6 PagesBoot Camp With the ever rising prison population in this country, something has to be done rehabilitate criminals rather than just lock them up. Many feel that the â€Å"new† prisons, boot camps are the answer (Champion 1990). I will give a brief overview of boot camp institutions, specifically, about the operation and structure of these, the cost involved with both juvenile and adult facilities, and how effective they really are with regard to recidivism. Boot camps or shock incarceration programsRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenders accountable, and provides treatment and rehabilitative services tailored to the needs of juveniles and their families. The OJJDP’s vision and mission statement confirms that there is an abundance of resources to reduce the recidivism rate of juveniles. Research proves that with effective resources and programs, help reduce juvenile crimes. Programs such as a military style boot camp is one way to deter juvenile crime. Campie (2011) states that â€Å"while boot camps are less expensive in the shortRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Probation Boot Camps2932 Words   |  12 PagesName: Tutor: Course: Date: How Effective Are Probation Boot Camps? Probation Boot Camps Probation boot camps refer to correctional centers that follow a military essential training model, which emphasizes discipline as well as physical conditioning. They are based on shock incarceration and military techniques, and are aimed at assisting young offenders. The first known boot camp was started in 1971 in Idaho though their popularity did not start until 1983 when they were created in Oklahoma

I Hate About You is a relocation of the Taming Free Essays

The Taming of the Shrew relocated to high school? Gill Gunner’s 10 Things I Hate About You is undoubtedly more complicated than a relocation of Shakespearean The Taming of the Shrew into high school. The transformation of Shakespearean comedy Into the teen’ movie genre and the integration of Elizabethan values enable the film to be a successful relocation of the play, yet the Incorporation of modern gender conventions discerns it as something more than a relocation. The culmination of these facets produce a cinematic masterpiece that draws parallelism to Shrew In a feminist perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on I Hate About You is a relocation of the Taming or any similar topic only for you Order Now The transformation of Shrews comedic genre into the teen’ genre in 10 Things facilitates its relocation into high school. In Shrew, comedy revolves around the physical violence upon Kate, deception, and a play on words. The sight of a ‘shrew’ physically subdued by a man would have been humorous to an Elizabethan audience. Humor is also evident in Epithetic and Skate’s verbal battle, where elaborate puns are constructed. Women are made to bear and so are you’ (11. 1. 200). Here, Epithetic twists the word ‘bear’ into meaning ‘giving childbirth’, thus twisting Skate’s Insults Into Innuendo. Influenced by the teen’ genre and the rise of fearfulness. N 10 Things, comedy exists verbally and in stereotypical teenage experiences. Ms Perks attempt to describe an erotic scene in her novel is evidence of verbal humor, similar to Pediatrics use of puns. The concept of growing up is embodied in Cat’s antisocial behav ior. Described as a heinous blotch’, her unfriendly manner Illustrates her inability to accept her adolescence, such as dating. This is emphasized in the party scene, where the childhood swings she is sitting on Juxtapose against the adolescent party house In the background. The modern adaptation also explores teenage dating. Dating forms the basis of comedy. Blanch feels the urge to date for the purpose of fitting in to teenage culture. In the words, ‘I’m the only girl that doesn’t date,’ Bianca suggests that her motivation for dating is due to peer pressure. The influence of peer pressure is also apparent in other movies based on a teen genre, such as Grease (1978) and The Breakfast Club (1985). By appealing directly to teenage audiences through common experiences, Shakespearean comedy is relocated into high school. The integration of money and status as Elizabethan values into 10 Things contributes to It being a successful relocation of Shrew. In Shakespearean comedy, marriage Is an opportunity for the men to acquire wealth and Increase their social status. Pedicurist’s motives for journeying to Pad are solely to marry the daughter of an affluent father to increase his own wealth and status, or as he expresses it, to Wives and thrive’ (1. 11. 42). The simplicity of Petroleum’s Intentions accentuates the ease to which It can be accomplished, and therefore suggests that marriage Is a game signed and played by the men. These values are incorporated into the teen’ adaptation by alternating the setting into high school. By incorporating the teen’ Shakespearean work, dating is a tool used to gain money and popularity. Cameron and Michaels plot to use Joey, a wealthy ‘Coco, to bribe Patrick to date Kate is evidence of this. While this increases Patriot’s money and allows Cameron and Joey to date Bianca, it also enables Michael to be ‘cool by association’ to popular people, thus increasing his status among the school hierarchy. In such, the men benefit while the omen become puppets in a male plot. The similarities between money and status in Shrew and 10 Things depict a parallel course to which both texts extend. The distinction in gender conventions between 10 Things and Shrew is crucial in demonstrating that the modern version is more complicated than a high school relocation of the play. In Elizabethan England, women were the property of their men and were expected to loyally serve them. This convention is adequately expressed in Shakespearean drama, culminating in Skate’s ‘submission’ speech. In such, the use of juxtaposition comparing women to men in the words, ‘l see our lances are but straws/ Our strength as weak, our weakness past compare,’ (V. I. 173-174) illustrates female submission to male superiority in a patriarchal society. In consideration of Skate’s violent behavior, her acknowledgement of female servitude undermines her ‘shrewish’ nature, and therefore demonstrates that she is tamed’. Elizabethan gender conventions are transformed to a more feminist and less sexist perspective in the movie, dictated by modern attitu des towards women. Women in 10 Things josses more control of themselves and exert greater influence, such as Banana’s manipulation to induce her sister to date. Similar to Kate, Kate is a young independent woman who strongly supports feminism. In the words, Why should I live up to other people’s expectations except for my own,’ Kate demonstrates she is uninfluenced from social oppression. In contrast to Pedicurist’s use of physical violence of taming Kate, Patrick uses kindness to tame the wild beast’ and socially conform her. The change in gender conventions while maintaining a similar characterization of Kate compels the elm to be a relocation of the play but in a more feminist outlook. 0 Things I Hate About You is a high school relocation of The Taming of the Shrew in a feminist viewpoint. The incorporation of the teen’ movie genre and the values of money and status in the movie ensure the plays relocation into high school, while the change in gender conventions provides a more feminist perspective of the movie. The modern adaptation moves away from its misogynist basis and entertains a teenage audience by transforming aspects of Shakespearean drama into common adolescent experiences. How to cite I Hate About You is a relocation of the Taming, Papers

Vulnerabilities Their Defensive Mechanism †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Vulnerabilities Their Defensive Mechanism? Answer: Introduction STP Limited is an organization that is based out of Wollongong and has its head office in the same city. The organization manufactures cabinets and is expanding to the other regions as well. The sales and revenue are going good for the organization and as a result, it recently bought office premises in Bathurst and Lithgow. They have also set up a new office in Sydney. The company is currently located in four locations and has warehouse machines and other equipment installed in these locations. Project Background There are new networking and communication technologies that are being used by STP Limited to enhance its connectivity and integration capabilities. Every office of the company is equipped with a modem and a switch and the Internet connection is made active with the aid of ADSL. The members of the staff are allowed to Bring their Own Devices at work which is also known as the BYOD scheme. The wireless connections are also made enable by the organization. The enhanced network connections will allow the employees to be connected with each other at any hour of the day. It will aid in the resolution of the problems and conflicts in a timely manner and will make it possible to experience enhanced efficiency and productivity of the employees. The customers will also be able to contact the organization in case of any query or complaint. There will be enhanced help and assistance services provided which will make it easy to increase the levels of customer trust and engagement (Cisco, 2008). Project Scope The scope of the project will include the design, development and deployment of the measures so that the enhanced networking mediums are implemented. Privacy is one of the essential properties that are required to be maintained in association with the information and networks. The efforts will also be implemented to make sure that the privacy of the information and the communication networks is not disturbed or violated. Project Goals Ability to make sure that all the office locations and units of STP Limited are integrated with each other as a single unit. Ability to ensure that the security of the networks and the information channels is maintained along with the assurance of privacy (Pareek, 2011). Ability to make sure that enhanced revenues and customer engagement is earned with the improved networking and communication medium. Strategic Alignment of the Project Alignment Perspective Description Strategic Execution Project goals are in line with organizational goals. The design, development and deployment of the networking, security, privacy and integration measures will be done to achieve the goals. Technological Potential The wireless connections and networking equipment that have been set up are compatible with the organizational systems and applications. The integration and security solutions that are proposed are feasible on the basis of technical feasibility study. Competitive Potential Network security and privacy is a much in demand trend in the market. Enhancement of the quality of service Service Level A networking strategy has been designed and determined by the Project Manager so that the organization goals are met. Resources have been allocated to the project tasks and activities at the operational and managerial levels. Network Security There are various issues that must be addressed from the point of view of network security. It must be made sure that there are enough human resources in the department of local IT as the support staff. It would be necessary to understand the significance of remote management of the security controls and mechanisms. The device configuration that is set up shall be allowed to be accessed with the means of HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, SSL and likewise. In a nutshell, the security solutions that are set up at the branch office must target the needs and requirements of the office sizes and these shall also be easy to deploy and economical in nature. Secure routing, WAN connections etc. shall also be included. This will eliminate the requirement of installing separate networking devices and equipment. Another condition that must be considered is the changing landscape of the security threats and attacks. There may be some extremely severe implications of these attacks and threats. For instance, in the year 2003, Slammer worm infected 90% of the susceptible hosts in 10 minutes with the doubling rate of 8.5 seconds. There are signature based countermeasures that are being implemented in the organizations which cannot be updated at such a short period of time (Canavan, 2001). Supplementing of the reactive countermeasures will be required that may have the ability to prevent the uncertainties and security attacks that are not predicted earlier. The use of network focussed defence mechanisms shall also be used for preventing the security attacks associated with application layer and services. Ideal Branch-Office Security Solution It shall provide a fast and safe VPN connection based on the site-to-site connectivity. A direct and secure access to the internet shall be provided. This would be significant in the avoidance of unknown Internet traffic re-directed through any of the regional headquarters location. Improved security services and solutions shall be provided for the internal services and network connections (Alabady, 2009). It shall be easy to use and shall also be cost-effective in nature. Securing data Virtual Private Networks: The establishment of IPSec VPNs will be a prime necessity for the branch security solutions and services. The use of secure encryption algorithms, such as tripe DES and AES shall be used with key exchange and user authentication protocols (Joshi and Karkade, 2015). NAT traversal and Microsoft VPN clients shall also be made available for the maintenance of security. Firewall: Firewall is one of the most significant measures for the security of the data. The effectiveness of firewalls can be realized only by the mode of application of the same, for instance, the implementation of firewall at the network layer only will not be able to prevent the security risks associated with the application layer. Attack Protection: There is certain amount of traffic that passes through even with the set up of the firewalls. It also does not identify certain types of security risks and attacks. Intrusion detection and prevention is a technology that comes in the picture to identify and prevent the entry of the bad elements. There are anomaly based, signature based, network based and behaviour based intrusion detection and prevention systems that have been developed for preventing many of the denial of service, flooding and integrity attacks (Strebe, 2004). Advanced Content Filtering: There are many of the anti-malware packages that are present such as, anti-viruses, anti-spyware etc. these are completely reactive in nature but have the capability to control the file based attacks and many of the known threats and attacks. There is Web/URL filtering measure that may focus on the outbound traffic and prevent the access to the web sites that are not safe (Soriano, 2011). Segmentation Security Domains: Internal security at the branch office may be improved with the aid of this measure. It makes sure that the associated appliances have the capabilities such as multiple LAN interfaces along with VLAN connections. A unique security policy is enforced on the basis of the users and the computing resources. Mobile device security Mobile devices have become a crucial part of the IT infrastructure of a small business. However, it also presents certain risks to the company that is not always identified at the time of first implementation. Mobile devices give flexibility and mobility but are also faced with issues like limitations of the hardware and security concerns rising from downloading of un-trusted content. A security strategy shall be developed and implemented to ensure the safety and security of the mobile devices. There are also unknown devices that may be connected to the office network with the use of BYOD technology. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) attacks Currently there are many staff at the company that are connecting wirelessly with a mobile device such as a laptop. The risk of such an environment is significant as the asset that holds the most value is very attractive to those who wish to steal or damage vital information. Capturing wireless data is one of the most common enterprise attacks external of the enterprise while rogue access points and evil twin access point are internalized. WLAN attacks can be overcome by proper configuration of devices and employee training programs. BYOD risks Currently, the staff of STP Ltd can connect to the organizations wireless network through their personal devices. This option has less financial constraints which is convenient for the company but at the same time, it is also exposed to greater risks. The confidential information of the company can get exposed because of user actions. Malicious software can also attack the device or the network affecting the security baseline of the organization. Thus, for the use of personal devices, minimum security requirements must be defined and the employees must be trained on the aspects of data protection and security. There are some essential tools that may be used for further enhancing the mobile device security. Fingerprinting: It is a mechanism that enhances and inspects the characteristics that are associated with the mobile devices to understand the device properties. It may highlight the unsafe devices and their presence in the networks (Souppaya, 2013). Network Access Controls: It is commonly abbreviated as NAC and is a measure that may be used for advanced device management by the organizations. An in-depth analysis of the device is done under NAC to highlight the presence of any intruders associated with the device, anti-virus and anti-span packages and so on. Authentication: This is the security solution that comes after the fingerprinting and NAC. It authenticates the users on the basis of the WLAN standards such as 1x standard. The combination of the three controls will provide the organizations with the required set of security controls and network management (Sujithra and Padmavathi, 2012). Plan for Hardware Purchases Procurement strategy is an important area of operations of an organization as it keeps the operations going on. Purchase planning is vital for a company. Research can be used for aligning purchase processes with organizational strategy. This can improve financial and operational performance of the business. Hardware purchases would put some financial burdens to the organization and thus, contingency plans are required to be developed for ensuring that business operations remain continued. Acquisition of new hardware Purchase of new hardware cannot be avoided as it can result from causes like loss, failure, or damage to the devices. As the Gympie store is located in an area which is flood prone and thus, it can be a concern for the company. STP limited has deferred the procurement risks by insuring its business assets. However, for preparing to deal with circumstances, certain documents and assets such as asset register, budget forecasts, emergency plans, policies, procedures, reviews and strategies can be created and maintained. End user feedback and reviews A review from employees as users of the hardware system can help identify concerns around outdated or overloaded application. It can also be known if the user is downloading or running certain applications on the devices causing load to the system unnecessarily. Reviews can be scheduled for evaluation of the hardware performed such that the management can take more informed decisions about procurement. The review would help management identify current issues as well as potential risks that can be faced in future. Purchasing strategies The management must make sure that the company has enough funds for the hardware purchase which needs a careful, cash flow planning. Small organizations like the current one is more likely to have close coordination between employees and thus, strategic alignment would be better. If the organization needs to take the advantages of purchasing hardware at low price, suppliers have to be identified appropriately and the business needs have to be understood through exploration of the business requirements. Asset register There are many equipment necessary for installation and testing purposes. Some of the necessary hardware may include the following: Computer Systems: These may be required for accessing the tools and applications for the purpose of installation and testing. Servers: There are web and file servers that may be required for accessing various information sets along with the database servers as well. Peripheral Equipment: Networking equipment such as switches, bridges, routers, hubs, gateways would be required for establishing and maintaining network connections. Simulators and Emulators: It would not be possible to carry out testing activities on all the devices and these tools will come into the picture for gaining a virtual experience and testing purposes. Diagnostic Equipment: The troubleshooting and diagnostic processes will be carried out for network management and security using this equipment. Communication Devices: These will be necessary for the sharing of information and data. Business continuity If the company makes use of cloud based applications then the need for creating backup on the local devices is eliminated. However, the data that gets exchanged over the POS and other non-cloud applications is also the companys responsibility. Thus, an offsite backup of the store has t be created such that data can be retrieved in case the site is damaged so that the business can be continued without interruptions. A cloud based system can be used for creating this backup which would ensure that most valuable assets are well protected from any losses. Multi-general backups can be created by administrators who would be responsible for the management of the departmental servers. Physical security The internal and external environment of the organization affects its physical security. The organizations physical infrastructure could be located in a place that is prone to security risks such as network failures, power outages, road blocks, and floods. Thus, disaster recovery planning is essential such that staff can be made prepared to deal with such situations and ensure that business operations continuity is still maintained. In case of insider threats, it is the responsibility of the administrator to ensure that the systems remain secure and protected from insider threats. Succession planning There can be situations when an important employee or the owner of the organization is unable to work because of unforeseen situations such as injuries from accidents. The company must remain prepared to deal with such situations. Planning must include the details of the roles and the process for appointment of the other people who can take over the work in such circumstances. The strengths and weaknesses may be assessed and development opportunities may be identified through monitoring, support and evaluation. Risk Responsibilities The responsibility of dealing with the risks shall be distributed to all of the stakeholders. The risk responsibility shall be allocated for each of the risk that is identified. The mapping of the stakeholder must be done on the basis of the type and category of the risk (Berg, 2010). Risk Assessment The assessment of the risk shall be done on the basis of its impact and likelihood along with the various factors that may be associated with the risks. The risk ranking shall be applied and assigned to every risk. Risk Response A response strategy shall be defined for every risk that is identified and assessed. The response may include different treatment strategies and measures. There are various methods that may be applied for the risks, such as, avoidance, acceptance, transfer and mitigation (Crane, 2013). Risk Mitigation It shall include the activities for the control of the risk along with the contingency plan associated with the same. The risk mitigation strategies as identified in the risk response process shall be applied and implemented for every risk (Dcu, 2015). Tracking and Reporting The risk mitigation strategy shall be applied and the same shall be tracked and reported by the Project Manager. There shall also be a weekly report that must be prepared to keep a track of the same and the senior management must carry out monitoring and control activities (Debono, 2016). Security Policy A security policy can be used for protecting the assets of an organization as well as for providing a baseline for the user conducts in a workplace. It can act as a tool that creates awareness in the people and help in building a culture that is supportive for the organization in terms of security. The objective of defining an information security policy is to ensure that the ABC Company is able to keep its business continued in any situation of damage by any incident and the impact of such damages is minimized. The security policy is approved by a CEO or MD. The security policy ensures that: Information is protected from unauthorized personnels Confidentiality of the data is maintained Integrity of the information is maintained Information availability is ensured at all times Regulatory or legislative compliance needs are managed Business continuity plans are developed, tested and maintained Security related training is given to all employees Security breaches are reported to security managers An acceptable use policy must be created with acceptable usage terms for system and networking equipments. Acceptable use policy Outlines acceptable and unacceptable use while accessing systems and networking equipment. An Antivirus policy must be developed containing details of procedures used for minimizing dangers of virus attacks in computers. A Data policy can be developed for outlining of the process for storage of data, its retention and disposal which would be helpful as mobile devices are most susceptive to data theft. An Email policy would be used for identifying how email services may be used and how much of the information can be shared with the third party An Ethics policy can capture the details of openness of culture, integrity issues, trust factors, ethical practices and impacts on unethical behaviour. Password management: Identification of the minimum requirements for creation and management of passwords. Privacy policy: It can be used to tell how data can be used by the organization maintaining the privacy of users or others who are associated with the organization. Security-related HR policy: This policy takes care of new hires and also includes policies and procedures used for termination. This is useful for management of privileges. This policy relates to newly hired employee orientation and also termination policies and procedures. This is especially important for privilege management. VPN security policy: It highlights the necessary actions that are required to be completed for gaining access to the virtual private network remotely. Wireless communication policy: This policy outlines the standards to be used for wireless systems for connecting to the network of the organization Managers have to be thoroughly investigated. Policies must support the procedures like virus control, password protection and business continuity planning Business needs for information and system availability would be met The policy must be maintained and supported by the Information Security Manager The responsibility of implementation of polices and ensuring that all employees follow the compliance procedure is with all the managers. Everyone working in the organization must comply with the Information Security Policy Training and awareness It is recommended that all the staff members are trained on security aspects such that they are able to deal with security challenges posed by web presence. Training can also foster a compliance program by pushing employees to use certain practices that can ensure that security threats are minimized. Integration technology If the information systems are integrated to provide real time reporting, it can give the company more capabilities than the case of Software as a Service model of adoption. Integration between applications is something like the web pages mashups in which external sources can be combined on the platform as a service (PaaS). For instance, Force.com is an example of the PaaS system which provides capabilities to build applications to independent software developers or vendors. SalesForce is one such application which is already used by the company. Conclusions Brach offices along with the personnel working in the offices are critical assets for the organization at the strategic level. It is essential to make sure that the security of these branch offices is ensured by developing and implementing the measures for security the data and mobile devices. There is an enhanced network management that must be carried out for securing the information and for maintaining the business continuity. Recommendations Third party testing process should be used and implemented WLAN access logs should be compared so that risks and attacks associated with the unknown devices are uncovered Determination of the usage of the app usage associated with the network tools Use and implementation of an identify-centric security model for the purpose of mobility Evaluation of the level of infrastructure integration: The set of applications, cloud services and devices that is available and visible in an unified manner. The identification of the set of appliances that are old and make use of obsolete technology. Estimation of the people hours that may be saved from the IT staff for using a wired or a wireless network. Mobile population of the company: The number of employees that tele-commute an d the mediums that they use The number of employees that are present in this field VPN capabilities that are associated with the same WLAN usage and the population of the devices: The number of the inventory device types that are used The number of form factors along with the operating systems that are used Site survey for the determination of the current usage of geographies and hotspots WLAN capacity that will be required along with the factors that contribute in the growth of tablet and the usage of Smartphones Evaluation of the VoIP and related latency sensitive applications that may assist in the development or building of the WLAN requirements and applications. Evaluation of the 802.11ac. If the use of 802.11ac the costs and architecture associated with it will be required to be developed. Other recommendations Recommendation 1: Implement procedures and policies for supporting the business continuity through consideration of the security aspects such as data protection in business strategy development. Recommendation 2: The use of LAN and mobile devices must be limited till additional protection measures are taken that can be used for covering the mobile device access points. Recommendation 3: An asset register may be maintained for supporting business continuity through the use of risk management processes. Recommendation 4: A cloud based backup system can be created as an offsite solution such that the data remains safer and more reliable without the need of having physical backups. Recommendation 5: Key employee roles that can replace other important employees critical for work must be identified in the succession planning to take over. 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